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Stimulation magnétique transcrânienne : un traitement sans médicament contre la dépression

Stimulation magnétique transcrânienne : un traitement sans médicament contre la dépression

La dépression majeure est une maladie neuro-corps débilitante qui altère les fonctions et constitue l’une des principales causes d’invalidité dans le monde. Lorsqu’une personne est en état de dépression, le réseau et les circuits neuronaux normaux du cerveau ne fonctionnent pas de manière normale et les différents domaines de la vie sont affectés négativement (altérations de la concentration, du sommeil, de l’appétit, de l’énergie, de la motivation, de la capacité à éprouver de la joie, modes de pensée, etc.).

Le cortex préfrontal – la partie du cerveau située derrière le front – est l’endroit où nous réfléchissons, raisonnons, planifions, élaborons des stratégies, priorisons, prêtons attention et modulons notre humeur. Lorsque les gens sont déprimés, le cortex préfrontal est sous-actif, ils ont donc du mal à penser clairement, à se concentrer, à apprendre et à résoudre des problèmes, et ils sont facilement submergés par la vie.

La partie du cerveau située juste derrière le cortex préfrontal, le cortex cingulaire antérieur (ACC), est l’endroit où nous faisons des choix et expérimentons notre sentiment de compassion et d’empathie. Pendant la dépression, l’ACC est également sous-actif, de sorte que les gens ont du mal à prendre des décisions et à se sentir socialement connectés aux autres.

D’un autre côté, l’amygdale, la partie du cerveau où nous ressentons la peur, l’anxiété et l’alarme, est hyperactive pendant la dépression, de sorte que les personnes qui en souffrent se sentent souvent inquiètes, effrayées, mal à l’aise et anxieuses, même sans menaces ou problèmes spécifiques, ou elles exagérera considérablement le niveau des problèmes du monde réel et, par conséquent, s’inquiétera et ruminera plutôt que de résoudre efficacement les problèmes.

Cela ne vous surprendra probablement pas que le traitement le plus courant contre la dépression soit les antidépresseurs. Cependant, même s’il existe de nombreuses personnes pour qui les médicaments ont sauvé la vie, il est également vrai qu’il existe des millions de personnes pour lesquelles les médicaments sont soit inefficaces, soit provoquent des effets secondaires intolérables. Il y a aussi ceux qui ne veulent tout simplement pas que les médicaments pénètrent dans leur corps.

Heureusement, il existe aujourd’hui un traitement alternatif et sans médicament contre la dépression appelé stimulation magnétique transcrânienne (TMS).

Comment ça fonctionne

Le TMS utilise un électro-aimant puissant pour activer les circuits cérébraux sous-actifs afin de ramener le cerveau vers un niveau de fonctionnement non déprimé.

Lors d’un traitement TMS, l’électro-aimant est placé contre le cuir chevelu adjacent au cortex préfrontal ; Ensuite, des impulsions d’énergie magnétique traversent le crâne jusqu’au cerveau. Ces impulsions provoquent le déclenchement (dépolarisation) des neurones du cortex préfrontal et, parce qu’ils sont connectés aux neurones de l’ACC, ils provoquent à leur tour le déclenchement des neurones de l’ACC.

Ensuite, lorsque l’ACC s’active, il envoie un signal apaisant à l’amygdale. En d’autres termes, les traitements TMS ramènent les circuits neuronaux du cerveau vers leurs niveaux de fonctionnement non déprimés.

Diverses données ont démontré que parmi les patients qui n’ont pas pu ressentir un soulagement de la dépression grâce aux médicaments, 68 % obtiennent une rémission de leurs symptômes de dépression grâce au traitement TMS.

À quoi s’attendre

Au cours d’un traitement, un patient recevra généralement trois mille impulsions sur une période de 20 à 30 minutes. Le patient est éveillé tout le temps et il n’y a ni perfusion ni médicament. Une fois le traitement terminé, le patient est libre de partir et de vaquer à ses occupations habituelles sans aucune restriction.

La plupart des gens auront besoin de 30 à 36 traitements TMS pour sortir d’un état de dépression. Une fois sortis de la dépression, leur bien-être peut souvent être maintenu grâce à un seul traitement une fois par mois.

Au cours des deux premières séances, l’effet secondaire le plus courant est un inconfort passager sur le cuir chevelu, là où l’énergie magnétique traverse le crâne. La plupart des gens trouvent que cela devient facilement tolérable après quelques traitements.

La seule contre-indication absolue à ce traitement est la présence de métal magnétisable à l’intérieur de la tête. Cependant, si vous avez été autorisé à passer une IRM, vous serez très probablement autorisé à passer une TMS.

De nombreux régimes d’assurance, dont Medicare, couvrent désormais les traitements TMS, mais vous devrez vérifier auprès de votre assureur particulier. Le prix au comptant varie en fonction de votre région et de votre prestataire, mais varie généralement d’environ 300 $ à 600 $ par traitement.

Il existe une variété d’appareils approuvés par la FDA que les médecins peuvent utiliser pour prodiguer ce traitement. Je préfère le système NeuroStar aux autres. Ils disposent d’une solide équipe de soutien scientifique qui aide les prestataires à trouver des recherches pertinentes et récentes. Leur appareil permet également un traitement plus ciblé et nuancé, et il est actuellement le seul autorisé à traiter les adolescents dépressifs âgés de 15 ans et plus. (Leur appareil est également approuvé pour le traitement du trouble obsessionnel-compulsif.) Vous pouvez trouver une liste des fournisseurs NeuroStar TMS sur NeuroStar Providers.

Enfin, les traitements TMS peuvent être administrés par tout médecin formé à cette procédure. Cependant, je recommande de faire appel à un psychiatre plutôt qu’à un non-psychiatre, car un psychiatre sera en mesure de mieux aborder les autres facteurs qui contribuent à la dépression et pourra généralement proposer une approche plus holistique pour résoudre le problème.

La dépression est une maladie cerveau-corps débilitante qui peut être soignée. Si vous ou quelqu’un que vous connaissez souffrez de dépression, veuillez demander l’aide d’un professionnel. Si vous avez demandé de l’aide et déterminé que les médicaments ne vous conviennent pas, envisagez le TMS comme solution possible. Et si vous recherchez un traitement résidentiel chrétien holistique, pensez à la Honey Lake Clinic.

Consultez ces blogs pour plus d’informations :

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